濟(jì)南的氣候特點(diǎn)對膩?zhàn)臃凼┕び绊戯@著，其施工條件的把控和調(diào)配方法的科學(xué)性，直接關(guān)系到墻面基層處理的質(zhì)量。結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)厮募緶夭畲?、夏季多雨、冬季干燥的氣候特征，需從環(huán)境要求、基層處理、材料調(diào)配等方面規(guī)范操作。

　　The climate characteristics of Jinan have a significant impact on the construction of putty powder, and the scientific control of construction conditions and mixing methods directly affect the quality of wall base treatment. Considering the climate characteristics of large temperature differences throughout the year, rainy summers, and dry winters in the local area, it is necessary to standardize operations in terms of environmental requirements, grassroots treatment, and material allocation.

　　一、施工條件的關(guān)鍵要素

　　1、 Key elements of construction conditions

　　1. 溫濕度控制

　　1. Temperature and humidity control

　　濟(jì)南春季多風(fēng)干燥，夏季高溫多雨，施工時(shí)需將環(huán)境溫度控制在 5-35℃之間。溫度過低會(huì)導(dǎo)致膩?zhàn)臃勰Y(jié)緩慢，影響固化強(qiáng)度；高于 35℃則水分蒸發(fā)過快，易出現(xiàn)干裂?？諝庀鄬穸刃璞３衷?40%-80%，梅雨季施工時(shí)可借助除濕機(jī)降低濕度，避免墻面返潮導(dǎo)致膩?zhàn)訉悠鹋?；冬季干燥時(shí)，可在施工區(qū)域適當(dāng)灑水增濕，但需確保墻面無明水。

　　Jinan is windy and dry in spring, and hot and rainy in summer. During construction, the ambient temperature should be controlled between 5-35 ℃. Low temperature can cause slow solidification of putty powder, affecting the curing strength; If the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the water evaporates too quickly and is prone to drying and cracking. The relative humidity of the air should be maintained at 40% -80%. During construction in the rainy season, dehumidifiers can be used to reduce the humidity and avoid wall moisture from causing bubbles in the putty layer; When it is dry in winter, it is advisable to sprinkle water appropriately in the construction area to increase humidity, but it is necessary to ensure that there is no visible water on the wall.

　　2. 基層處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

　　2. Grassroots treatment standards

　　施工前墻面基層必須堅(jiān)實(shí)平整，無浮灰、油污、空鼓等缺陷。先用鏟刀清除殘留的砂漿塊和疏松表層，再用細(xì)砂紙打磨至表面光滑。對于濟(jì)南老房常見的墻面返堿現(xiàn)象，需用草酸溶液擦拭中和，待干燥后再刷一遍界面劑，增強(qiáng)膩?zhàn)优c基層的附著力。墻面含水率需控制在 10% 以下，可通過含水率檢測儀檢測，潮濕區(qū)域需提前通風(fēng)干燥 3-5 天。

　　Before construction, the wall base must be solid and flat, without defects such as floating ash, oil stains, hollowing, etc. First, use a scraper to remove any remaining mortar blocks and loose surface, and then polish with fine sandpaper until the surface is smooth. For the common phenomenon of wall alkali return in old houses in Jinan, oxalic acid solution should be used to wipe and neutralize it. After drying, the interface agent should be brushed again to enhance the adhesion between the putty and the base layer. The moisture content of the wall should be controlled below 10%, which can be detected by a moisture content detector. Wet areas should be ventilated and dried for 3-5 days in advance.

　　二、膩?zhàn)臃鄣目茖W(xué)調(diào)配方法

　　2、 Scientific blending method of putty powder

　　1. 材料配比與攪拌技巧

　　1. Material ratio and mixing techniques

　　普通內(nèi)墻膩?zhàn)臃叟c水的配比通常為 1:0.3-0.4（重量比），具體需根據(jù)產(chǎn)品特性微調(diào)。調(diào)配時(shí)先將清水倒入干凈容器，再緩慢加入膩?zhàn)臃郏叺惯呌秒妱?dòng)攪拌器勻速攪拌，攪拌時(shí)間不少于 3 分鐘，確保形成均勻無顆粒的膏狀。靜置 5 分鐘后再次攪拌，可增強(qiáng)膩?zhàn)拥恼吵矶群途鶆蛐?，避免因攪拌不勻?qū)е聣γ娉霈F(xiàn)斑駁。

　　The ratio of ordinary interior wall putty powder to water is usually 1:0.3-0.4 (weight ratio), which needs to be adjusted according to product characteristics. When mixing, first pour clean water into a clean container, then slowly add putty powder. While pouring, use an electric mixer to stir at a constant speed for no less than 3 minutes to ensure the formation of a uniform and particle free paste. After standing still for 5 minutes, stir again to enhance the viscosity and uniformity of the putty, avoiding the appearance of mottled walls due to uneven mixing.

　　2. 特殊場景的調(diào)配調(diào)整

　　2. Adjustment and deployment for special scenarios

　　針對濟(jì)南外墻或潮濕環(huán)境（如廚房、衛(wèi)生間附近墻面），可在調(diào)配時(shí)加入適量防水劑，比例約為膩?zhàn)臃壑亓康?3%-5%，提升膩?zhàn)訉拥目節(jié)B性。對于需要增強(qiáng)附著力的新舊墻面交界處，可摻入 5%-8% 的白乳膠，攪拌均勻后使用，但需注意白乳膠的用量不宜過多，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致膩?zhàn)訉舆^硬易開裂。

　　For exterior walls or damp environments in Jinan (such as walls near kitchens and bathrooms), an appropriate amount of waterproofing agent can be added during preparation, with a proportion of about 3% -5% of the weight of putty powder, to enhance the impermeability of the putty layer. For the junction of new and old walls that require enhanced adhesion, 5% -8% white latex can be added and mixed evenly before use. However, it should be noted that the amount of white latex should not be too much, otherwise it will cause the putty layer to become too hard and prone to cracking.

　　3. 施工過程的注意事項(xiàng)

　　3. Precautions during the construction process

　　調(diào)配好的膩?zhàn)有柙?2 小時(shí)內(nèi)用完，避免因濟(jì)南干燥的空氣導(dǎo)致其凝固失效。施工時(shí)需分兩遍刮涂，第一遍厚度控制在 1-2 毫米，主要用于填補(bǔ)墻面縫隙和不平處，待完全干燥（夏季約 6-8 小時(shí)，冬季需 12-24 小時(shí)）后用砂紙打磨平整；第二遍厚度 0.5-1 毫米，追求表面光滑細(xì)膩。兩遍施工間隔需根據(jù)天氣調(diào)整，陰雨天可延長干燥時(shí)間，確保前一層完全固化。

　　The prepared putty should be used up within 2 hours to avoid solidification failure caused by the dry air in Jinan. During construction, it is necessary to scrape and apply in two layers. The thickness of the first layer should be controlled at 1-2 millimeters, mainly used to fill the gaps and unevenness of the wall. After it is completely dry (about 6-8 hours in summer and 12-24 hours in winter), it should be sanded flat with sandpaper; The second layer has a thickness of 0.5-1 millimeter, aiming for a smooth and delicate surface. The interval between two construction runs needs to be adjusted according to the weather, and the drying time can be extended on rainy days to ensure that the previous layer is completely cured.

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