濟(jì)南地區(qū)的石膏粉，憑借本地礦產(chǎn)資源與加工工藝的結(jié)合，形成了獨(dú)特的產(chǎn)品特性，在建筑、醫(yī)療、藝術(shù)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。其從礦石開采到成品加工的全流程，既體現(xiàn)了地域資源的優(yōu)勢(shì)，也展現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)工藝與現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的融合。

　　Gypsum powder in Jinan area, with the combination of local mineral resources and processing technology, has formed unique product characteristics and plays an irreplaceable role in multiple fields such as architecture, medicine, and art. The entire process from ore mining to finished product processing not only reflects the advantages of regional resources, but also demonstrates the integration of traditional craftsmanship and modern technology.

　　濟(jì)南石膏粉的原料主要來自本地沉積型石膏礦，這類礦石純度較高（二水硫酸鈣含量普遍在 95% 以上），雜質(zhì)少（石英、白云石等雜質(zhì)含量低于 3%），為優(yōu)質(zhì)石膏粉生產(chǎn)提供了基礎(chǔ)。開采出的石膏礦石經(jīng)清洗、破碎后，進(jìn)入煅燒環(huán)節(jié) —— 根據(jù)用途不同，煅燒溫度控制在 120-200℃之間：低溫煅燒（120-150℃）生成半水石膏（β 型），具有凝結(jié)快、強(qiáng)度高的特點(diǎn)；高溫煅燒（170-200℃）則生成 α 型半水石膏，凝結(jié)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，適合需要精細(xì)塑形的場(chǎng)景。煅燒過程中，通過控制窯內(nèi)通風(fēng)量與溫度梯度，可減少石膏粉的過燒或欠燒（過燒會(huì)導(dǎo)致凝結(jié)遲緩，欠燒則使強(qiáng)度下降），確保產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定。

　　The raw materials for Jinan gypsum powder mainly come from local sedimentary gypsum mines, which have high purity (calcium sulfate dihydrate content generally above 95%) and low impurities (impurities such as quartz and dolomite content below 3%), providing a foundation for the production of high-quality gypsum powder. After cleaning and crushing, the extracted gypsum ore enters the calcination process - depending on its use, the calcination temperature is controlled between 120-200 ℃: low-temperature calcination (120-150 ℃) produces semi hydrated gypsum (β - type), which has the characteristics of fast setting and high strength; High temperature calcination (170-200 ℃) produces alpha type hemihydrate gypsum, which has a longer setting time and is suitable for scenes that require fine shaping. During the calcination process, by controlling the ventilation rate and temperature gradient inside the kiln, the over burning or under burning of gypsum powder can be reduced (over burning can cause slow solidification, while under burning can reduce strength), ensuring stable product quality.

　　在建筑領(lǐng)域，濟(jì)南石膏粉的應(yīng)用最為廣泛。作為墻體材料的添加劑，它能改善砂漿的和易性（保水率≥85%），減少開裂現(xiàn)象，例如在室內(nèi)抹灰工程中，摻入 5%-10% 的石膏粉可使砂漿凝結(jié)時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至 4-6 小時(shí)，便于施工操作。石膏膩?zhàn)觿t利用其細(xì)膩的質(zhì)地（細(xì)度可達(dá) 325 目以上），使墻面平整度誤差控制在 2 毫米以內(nèi)，且干燥后不收縮、不返潮，適合濟(jì)南潮濕季節(jié)的室內(nèi)裝修。此外，石膏砌塊、石膏板等建材，通過石膏粉與纖維、發(fā)泡劑的混合，兼具輕質(zhì)（容重≤800kg/m?）與防火性能（耐火極限≥1 小時(shí)），在高層建筑中可降低結(jié)構(gòu)負(fù)荷，提升消防安全等級(jí)。

　　In the field of architecture, Jinan gypsum powder is widely used. As an additive for wall materials, it can improve the workability of mortar (water retention rate ≥ 85%) and reduce cracking. For example, in indoor plastering projects, adding 5% -10% gypsum powder can extend the setting time of mortar to 4-6 hours, which is convenient for construction operations. Gypsum putty utilizes its delicate texture (fineness can reach 325 mesh or more) to control the flatness error of the wall within 2 millimeters, and does not shrink or regain moisture after drying, making it suitable for indoor decoration during the humid season in Jinan. In addition, building materials such as gypsum blocks and gypsum boards are lightweight (with a density of ≤ 800kg/m) by mixing gypsum powder with fibers and foaming agents? ）With fire resistance performance (fire resistance limit ≥ 1 hour), it can reduce structural load and improve fire safety level in high-rise buildings.

　　醫(yī)療與模具行業(yè)對(duì)石膏粉的純度和性能有更高要求。醫(yī)用石膏粉需經(jīng)過除雜提純（純度≥99%），用于制作骨折固定夾板，其初凝時(shí)間需控制在 5-8 分鐘，終凝不超過 30 分鐘，固化后強(qiáng)度適中（抗壓強(qiáng)度≥6MPa），既便于塑形固定，又能在愈合后輕松拆除。在精密鑄造模具中，α 型石膏粉與水按 1:0.5 的比例混合，可澆筑出表面粗糙度 Ra≤3.2μm 的模具型腔，適用于汽車零件、藝術(shù)品的鑄造翻模，濟(jì)南本地的一些工藝品廠常用其復(fù)制復(fù)雜花紋，成品細(xì)節(jié)還原度可達(dá) 95% 以上。

　　The medical and mold industries have higher requirements for the purity and performance of gypsum powder. Medical gypsum powder needs to undergo impurity removal and purification (purity ≥ 99%) for the production of fracture fixation splints. Its initial setting time should be controlled within 5-8 minutes, and the final setting time should not exceed 30 minutes. After solidification, the strength should be moderate (compressive strength ≥ 6MPa), which is easy to shape and fix, and can be easily removed after healing. In precision casting molds, alpha type gypsum powder is mixed with water in a ratio of 1:0.5 to pour mold cavities with a surface roughness Ra ≤ 3.2 μ m, which is suitable for casting and flipping of automotive parts and artworks. Some local handicraft factories in Jinan often use it to replicate complex patterns, and the restoration of finished product details can reach over 95%.

　　藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作領(lǐng)域，石膏粉是雕塑與裝飾的基礎(chǔ)材料。雕塑用石膏粉需具備良好的流動(dòng)性（流動(dòng)度≥180mm），能精準(zhǔn)填充模具的每一處細(xì)節(jié)，干燥后硬度適中（莫氏硬度 2 級(jí)），便于后期打磨修整。在古建筑修復(fù)中，濟(jì)南的傳統(tǒng)工匠會(huì)將石膏粉與糯米漿混合，調(diào)制出具有韌性的灰漿，用于修補(bǔ)石雕、磚雕的缺損部位，這種混合材料既保留了石膏的易塑形性，又提升了耐久性（抗折強(qiáng)度≥2MPa），在本地的文物修復(fù)工程中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。

　　In the field of artistic creation, gypsum powder is the basic material for sculpture and decoration. Gypsum powder for sculpture needs to have good flowability (flowability ≥ 180mm), accurately fill every detail of the mold, and have moderate hardness (Mohs hardness level 2) after drying, making it easy to polish and repair in the later stage. In the restoration of ancient buildings, traditional craftsmen in Jinan mix gypsum powder with glutinous rice slurry to create a tough mortar, which is used to repair damaged parts of stone and brick carvings. This mixed material not only retains the plasticity of gypsum, but also enhances its durability (flexural strength ≥ 2MPa), and is widely used in local cultural relic restoration projects.

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